Are Electric Cars a Mirage

I fully appreciate that electric cars seem to be considered the future by so many people, commercial companies, Governments etc. This is by both legislation (eg UK all new cars must have electric propulsion by 2030) and the choice of companies, such as Jaguar, who are committed by research and investment to retire the internal combustion engine in favour of electric motors within the next few years.

 

I am just not convinced that electric is the future. Charging will always be an issue. In our cities two thirds of homes typically have no off road parking and how does secure charging work with on street parking in residential areas, where owners consistently wrestle for on street parking space. Recharging on long journeys will surely become a nightmare with literally thousands of vehicles potentially swamping limited space motorway service areas and the like. The infrastructure or the energy output may just not be there. Is there capacity in the national grid to support the increased demand?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Batteries production consumes considerable energy and along with transport to centres of manufacture, potentially creates more emissions. The essential mining and use of scarce minerals, which can be non recyclable and controlled by a limited number of regimes must present further difficulties in the future, as electric car production is ramped up. Moreover, as the batteries have a limited life (typically 7–8 years I believe?), renewing them in existing vehicles is likely to be extremely expensive, which must compromise used car values and by direct consequence the attractiveness of laying out the substantial figures to buy a new vehicle by consumers. Electric cars themselves are more complex then traditional motors, which drives up maintenance costs, because they require greater technical expertise. Will depreciation and maintenance costs be a killer to demand?

I just don’t get the obsession with electric cars, but I am fully prepared to admit I could be wrong. Can anyone address these very substantive concerns for me?

If we accept that fossil fuel solutions should be condemned to history what are the alternatives? I fully accept that research into alternative technologies, such as hydrogen, nitrogen and possibly hybrid fuels is well behind electric, but they are happening. Although there is an argument that time is short and have we enough time to properly develop these alternatives? In Leicestershire we have one of the main UK research centres into opportunities at MIRA. To me, with a rather superficial technical knowledge, they potentially offer solutions to the issues with electric as I see it.

I would welcome any reaction to these observations, as I have really never read much criticism of electric vehicles. In my mind I have a feeling that we are all susceptible to group think on this issue: electric propulsion is good, full stop. Is electric fully capable of replacing fossil fuels in the real world. Or am I completely wrong? If so please tell me, as I along with others, I know, are not convinced and uncertain customers do not make electric car purchases unless they have to. This will slow a revolution in moving away from vehicles that use fossil fuels and by direct impact further global warming.

Housing at the Parcel Yard

“A lively group of about 70 development professionals debated “Housing” at the Parcel Yard last week as part of the Love Architecture festival under the title of Quantity, Quality & Cost.
 
Grant Butterworth, Clare Bowman, Peter Brown and myself attempted to resolve a pathway through an almost impossible conundrum of trying to get the amount of housing we need to a quality standard not so far achieved in the main at a cost that is affordable. And in the context of a declining GDP, an energy crisis and a political context that changes seemingly daily.
 
Grant provided the context of both history, current targets - including arbitrary imposed ones on the major cities (plus 35%) – and the possible / likely abolition of Stalinist targets. Well clarity there then! What stood out for me that was that while targets of 300,000 homes plus have been met back in the 50s and 60’s this was only in the context of major public housing build. This I can’t see returning anytime soon. En passant Leicester will publish its new Regulation 19 Local Plan any day.

Clare, from her experience as an architect then demonstrated what she saw as the route to comprehensive sustainable development with both good layout design, but also investment in fabric first and renewables to get to or close to Passive Haus standards. And she demonstrated her comprehensive model in relation to some schemes, recognising again that initial costs were significantly high. Her work, in distilling core sustainability criteria into a checklist has informed and assisted many built schemes. Clare noted that some of the interventions we can do are however relatively cheaper and have long lasting impacts, predominantly in the use of trees for solar shade, air quality and the ability to assist in cooling our buildings
 
Peter Brown illustrated his review of cost and design in relation to his work on two different local schemes of totally different scales. What was interesting as well is the relative cost of land to build cost probably around 70%. If you assume a build cost of say £140 per sq. ft per a standard two storey house with 12/13 houses an acre, you can see what an impact much lower land prices compared with nearing £1m an acre would have on the opportunities to keep house prices down but invest much more in the initial capital cost of fabric first and renewables in a more sustainable house. Peter commented that whilst some enlightened developers are willing to engage in proactive design to improve our built environment, the majority were meeting the targets required of them out of an obligation rather than necessarily forward thinking. At least the debate is very much on the table, and as an industry together we are turning in the right direction.
 
The discussion attempted to draw these different strands together and in fact highlighted the broader conundrum related to quantity, quality and cost. One developer in the audience remarked that since the pandemic his build costs had risen c.40% and however much he tried to do the ‘right thing’ the cost inflation at a time of rising living costs and certainly mortgage rates meant that anything above current Building Regulation standards was optimistic. (It appeared generally accepted by the audience that the only way to drive standards was by national regulations). Local initiatives would never effect substantive national change, but would also make a planning process even more complex with supervision by planning officers with limited or no build technology inappropriate.
 
As Paul Collins pointed out, the elephant in the room is land prices, which are such a substantive part of the whole cost of acquiring property. Reduce that dramatically and you may have a solution, although successive Governments have tried about 5 times since the second World War to capture that value with a singular lack of success. And in the current febrile political world I cannot see much progress being made on this for many years.
 
Overall an enlightening evening so thank you to the speakers and contributors for educating and entertaining us.”

Housing: Quantity, Quality and Cost

If this isn’t a subject for our times, I don’t know what is. I hope you will be able to come to this early evening seminar in the pub.

 

We have the lingering Corvid crisis (impacts and costs); a war in Ukraine; and an energy crisis. But what we have also had for many years are fundamental problems with one of the basics of living, shelter. In other words housing.

 

Not enough; poor quality in many regards; and, cost (both capital and running costs). And, of course, the current prominent issues above have both compounded the problems regard housing, but also highlighted particular aspects, in particular energy provision.

 

In what has de facto become our annual planning debate in October (this year Wednesday 19th at the Parcel Yard, Leicester) we look at housing from three specific perspectives: quantity, quality and cost.

 

To do that we have three speakers who will each focus on one aspect, but with a nod to the others. So that in the ensuing debate: either immediately after the talks or in the bar later; hopefully relevant connections will be made between these related aspects.

 

Grant Butterworth (LCC Head of Planning) will look at the current debate of where the quantity of new housing required will go in the next 20 years in Leicestershire and how it will be split between the City and Districts.

 

Peter Brown (Director of Housing SGP) will look at the quality of the provision in place making terms.

 

Clare Bowman (Sustainability Adviser, Lecturer and winner RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2021 Designer Gold Medal Winner - The Biophilic Classroom) will look at the sustainability of the specific housing product, referencing the cost in both capital and operational terms.

 

All this should provoke a lively debate: if not it won’t be for the lack of trying!

Writers Pavement unveiled in Leicester City Centre

Pictured at last week’s unveiling of Leicester’s latest street art installation “The Writers’ Pavement” are Donald Kerr Chief Executive, Cambridge & Counties Bank, Peter Wilkinson (also Chair, Friends of New Walk) and Sir Peter Soulsby, City Mayor Leicester (L to R).

 

Funded entirely by the Bank, the Writers’ Pavement celebrates the contribution to literature by authors associated with Leicester. It is the latest in a series of public art works organised by the Friends of New Walk Charity. These include the Clicker, the Concerto and the Clothier, all within the vicinity of New Walk, complementing the extensive public investment in Leicester’s streets and spaces this century. Each piece has been backed through generous contributions by local businesses and individuals based in the New Walk area, who are keen to enhance Leicester’s unique traffic free walkway, initially laid out 230 years ago in 1785. (For more information on the Friends of New Walk Charity (see https://www.friendsofnewwalk.com) With then emergence of electric bikes and scooters this traffic free nature is becoming harder to maintain, but it is still the delightful tree lined perambulation through the heart of the City.

The Writers Pavement has been laid out in granite in the semi-circular space at the northern end of New Walk, in front of the Mattioli Woods office building. Authors celebrated range from the historic, Geoffrey Chaucer, to Joe Orton, Sue Townsend of Adrian Mole fame and C.P. Snow who actually based one of his novels in the New Walk area.

Peter Wilkinson said “I can’t thank Cambridge & Counties Bank enough for their commitment to promoting public art in the City and specifically New Walk”. Donald Kerr, CEO Cambridge & Counties Bank, responded “It’s part of our commitment to our home City of Leicester and it’s our pleasure to support the enhancement of the City centre and particularly New Walk where our head office is based.”

New Headquarters for Nottingham Community Housing Association

New Headquarters & Care Village for Nottingham Community Housing Association

 

Landmark Planning have just secured detailed planning consent for a major mixed-use scheme in the Nottingham Green Belt at Clifton for Nottingham Community Housing Association (NCHA). The site is of the former Nottingham College on Farnborough Road.

The scheme comprises NCHA’s new headquarters, as well as relocating their maintenance facilities and call centre into one central location. 

 

 

Excitingly, the complex also includes a Care Village for 50 independent living apartments; 14 supported living units and 6 bungalows, as well as a café, all of which are complemented by the existing extensive sporting facilities.

The site was an amorphous mass of buildings, so the principle design challenge was to create a scheme that did not compromise the openness of the green belt, but at the same time create a distinctive space that would provide the physical form to allow the creation of a real community at the site. The solution produced an internal cross shaped street pattern with a café deliberately placed at the centre to be a meeting place and facility for all the disparate users of the site.  Breaking up of the mass of the buildings could be argued to enhance the openness of the green belt and so justify the range and scale of uses.

The local community appeared generally pleased with the approaches as the common response was of support. The scheme introduced a major employer in the immediate area with opportunities for local jobs in the future and suitable accommodation for older people. Studies by NCHA suggested that there was a high demand in the area for retirement homes but little supply. At the same time the existing sports facilities are retained, integrated into the scheme and actively managed for local people as well as the proposed users of the site.

 

Peter Wilkinson MD of Landmark Planning who led the planning team said: “It was a wonderfully stimulating and challenging scheme to get over the line.  I want to particularly thank Allan Fisher of NCHA; Mike Price of Pelham Architects, as well as Rob Percival & Jenny Curry of Nottingham City Planners who made all the whole project a pleasurable experience with a satisfactory conclusion.”

The headquarters offices should be open in 2023 with the rest of the scheme completed in 2024.

Leicester Work Place Parking Levy

 Many observations have been made about Leicester’s proposed WPL.

I subscribe to the well voiced concerns re social equity,  especially for the lower paid, working shifts. I am also not convinced that the proposed transport improvements will actually have sufficient benefits for travellers. On the other hand, it will certainly favour the private businesses that are bus companies, who will be subsidised to use the latest buses and cut their operating costs.

The concern I want to raise, however,  relates to the prosperity of the City centre. Much tremendous work of recent years has transformed the physical appearance and connectivity of the centre. However, as the research of the highly regarded national think tank: 'Centre for Cities' has drawn out: perhaps the biggest weakness of the Leicester centre in macro terms is the low percentage of office accommodation and jobs.  It is about the lowest of any comparable sized town or centre. And the research points out such employees are, on average, in higher paid jobs that are critical in supporting the economic health of many other sectors of a City centre’s economy from shops to coffee bars.

Leicester competes for new relocating office jobs with comparable cities and in our case also with the Junction 21 Meridian / Fosse Park / Grove Park complex. With regard to the latter this area will have no WPL charges, but stands to benefit from any improved public transport, as a consequence of Leicester funding improvements and the bus companies. That area already has the advantage of free parking. It does not take an expert to see their competitive advantage for new  jobs can only increase. I bet Everards, who relocated from the City centre twenty plus years ago and have further expansion plans are probably rubbing their hands in glee. Or would Mattioli Woods have relocated from Grove Park with a WPL in the City? 

In relation to comparable or competing cities Nottingham is the obvious example. And it has had a WPL for many years. So am I being a dinosaur? I don't think so.  

Nottingham does not have a competitor of the scale of an 'aircraft carrier’ of a Junction 21 etc sitting just outside its boundary and not subject to the charge.  It also offered the ‘wow’ factor of a tram, compared with Leicester’s proposal for electric buses; and, finally it has the benefit of integrated public transport controlled by one body. Leicester, on the other hand, still has competing firms, who all want to serve the main routes for profit reasons, but ignore less profitable opportunities. No wonder Nottingham are helping us with our proposal.

I  write as a former City Centre Manager and am passionate about the future of City centres in general and Leicester in particular. I feel compelled to raise my head above the parapet and express very serious reservations about the current proposals. The purpose of the current consultation is to generate reactions, not to drive this levy through per se. I endorse that and hope my concerns can be addressed and factored into the debate.

Empirical Evidence Strengthens Planning Arguments re Sustainability.

This blog is a summary of an absolutely excellent 25 page article in JPEL Occasional Papers 48 2021 Issue 13 by Nicholas Boys Smith. Read it if you can, as it deserves a wider audience. While a lot of what is written is intuitive; very importantly it takes a number of qualitative issues, such as green is good for you and then sets out the results of empirical studies that confirm these hypotheses in a quantitative way.

 

The paper has 4 key points: good design is not subjective; the housing market is over concentrated with insufficient self and community build; use design codes; and, re-use older places and buildings. 

 

To give two examples on good design:

 

Street trees are as close to a “no-regrets’ move as you will get. I have been forced to take out street trees on major planning applications, as the highway authority objected on safety and maintenance grounds. The key determinant of how fast we drive: is how safe the driver feels. Studies show that speeds are typically reduced by c. 7% where such trees are present and vehicle crashes reduced by between 5 and 20%. Moreover they improve air quality and moderate heat. Studies show people are also healthier in such environments and even drug prescriptions are reduced.

 

Facades Matter. Active frontages strengthen social ties, increase natural surveillance, improve sociability and increase the propensity to walk and therefore take exercise. Mixed–use land uses in one study showed that those people living in such areas used non motorised modes 12.2% of the time compared with 3.9% in single use communities. Modest semi public front gardens encourage neighbourliness. For example, one Danish study showed that in two parallel streets one with and one without front gardens 21 times more activity took place in those streets with front gardens.

 

The article goes on to really lambast the British planning approval system in lacking certainty, so the risks for developers up front are massive and costly. This has affected house prices, but also pushes the small builder and self-builder out of the market. Small builders only build 12% of our stock now (lower than anywhere else in Europe), yet even 30 years ago it was 40% in Britain. This lack of choice leads to too many poor homes and not enough of them.

 

The article goes on to review sustainability and the green agenda. The thermal efficiency of new buildings and the location of (and transport to) places has been our focus. But there are three other factors which will influence the lifelong carbon footprint of new places and so far have been insufficiently considered: the form, shape and height of buildings; longevity (resilience and flexibility of design); and, the energy required for some materials. 

 

So for example carbon emissions more than doubled going from 'low rise' to 'high rise’. The largest producer of waste in the U.K. is demolition and construction (24%). A new build two-bedroom house uses the equivalent of 80 tonnes of CO2; refurbishment uses 8 tonnes. Adaptability and flexibility is critically important. Materials also matter. Buildings using stone brick and wood, but not cement, fibre glass or aluminium have much lower embodied carbon.

 

In other words we have a long way to go in providing quality housing in beautiful, neighbourly and life enhancing places. And also a long way to go in planning buildings that least compromise our planet.